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مكتبة المراجع

الإرشادات والأبحاث التي تستند إليها أدوات حكيملي المنشورة، مع الأدوات المرتبطة بكل مرجع.

  1. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S27–S49. doi:10.2337/dc26-S002

    ADAسكر الصائم

  2. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S132–S149. doi:10.2337/dc26-S006

    ADAسكر الصائم

  3. Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, Gaudino M, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia. Circulation. 2026;153(17):e1154–e1276. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001423

    ACC/AHAالكوليسترول غير النافعحساب LDL

  4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Overweight and obesity management (NG246). London: NICE; 2025. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng246

    NICEنسبة الخصر إلى الطول

  5. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(Suppl 1):S27–S49. doi:10.2337/dc25-S002

    ADAخطر السكري (ADA)التراكمي ← متوسط السكر

  6. Brazilian guideline for screening and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a position statement from the Brazilian Diabetes Society. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025;17:73. doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01572-w

    Brazilian Diabetes SocietyFINDRISC

  7. Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, et al. 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Hypertension. 2025;82(10):e212–e316. doi:10.1161/HYP.0000000000000249

    AHA/ACCتصنيف ضغط الدم

  8. McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):3912–4018. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178

    ESCتصنيف ضغط الدم

  9. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4S):S117–S314. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018

    KDIGOوظائف الكلى (eGFR)eGFRcr-cysMDRDeGFR غير منسوبفئة ACRUPCRتصنيف G/A

  10. Utility of fractional excretion of urea in acute kidney injury with comparison to fractional excretion of sodium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2024.04.021

    FENaFEUrea

  11. Matthay MA, Arabi Y, Arroliga AC, et al. A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;209(1):37–47. doi:10.1164/rccm.202303-0558WS

    نسبة P/Fنسبة S/F

  12. Hendrix JM, Burns B. Alveolar Gas Equation. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482268/

    تدرّج A–a

  13. Cartotto R, Johnson LS, Savetamal A, et al. American Burn Association clinical practice guidelines on burn shock resuscitation. J Burn Care Res. 2024;45(3):565–589. doi:10.1093/jbcr/irad125

    ABAمعادلة باركلاند

  14. Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(36):3314–3414. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176

    ESCCHA₂DS₂-VAScHAS-BLED

  15. World Health Organization. Carbohydrate intake for adults and children: WHO guideline. Geneva: WHO; 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073593

    WHOاحتياج الألياف

  16. World Health Organization. Saturated fatty acid and trans-fatty acid intake for adults and children: WHO guideline. Geneva: WHO; 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073630

    WHOحد الدهون المشبعة

  17. DeMers D, Wachs D. Physiology, Mean Arterial Pressure. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538226/

    متوسط الضغط الشرياني

  18. Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797–1835. doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000323

    AASLDFIB-4

  19. Abdelhafez MO, Nayfeh T, Atieh A, et al. Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of sodium for the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(6):785–797. doi:10.2215/CJN.14561121

    FENa

  20. Shi C, Goodall M, Dumville J, et al. The accuracy of pulse oximetry in measuring oxygen saturation by levels of skin pigmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):267. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02452-8

    نسبة S/F

  21. Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(39):3826–3924. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac270

    ESCRCRI

  22. IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021. Pure Appl Chem. 2022;94(5):573–600. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603

    IUPACالسكر ملغ/دل ↔ ملمول/لترالكالسيوم ملغ/دل ↔ ملمول/لترالمغنيسيوم ملغ/دل ↔ ملمول/لترالفوسفات ملغ/دل ↔ ملمول/لتر

  23. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.

    ACSMالنبض المستهدف

  24. Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J, et al. New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(19):1737–1749. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2102953

    وظائف الكلى (eGFR)eGFRcr-cys

  25. Kim WR, Mannalithara A, Heimbach JK, et al. MELD 3.0: the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease updated for the modern era. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(6):1887–1895.e4. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.050

    MELD

  26. West JB, Luks AM. West's Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.

    تدرّج A–aمحتوى الأكسجينالتهوية الدقيقية

  27. US Preventive Services Task Force; Krist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325(10):962–970. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1117

    USPSTFسنوات العلبة

  28. Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):e1063–e1143. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

    SSCqSOFA

  29. Sampson M, Ling C, Sun Q, et al. A new equation for calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with normolipidemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(5):540–548. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0013

    حساب LDL

  30. Olsen JL, Giangrasso AP, Shrimpton DM. Medical Dosage Calculations. 12th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson; 2020.

    معدل التنقيطالجرعة ← مل/ساعةمدة التسريب

  31. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. ISMP Guidelines for Optimizing Safe Implementation and Use of Smart Infusion Pumps. Horsham, PA: ISMP; 2020. https://www.ismp.org/guidelines/safe-implementation-and-use-smart-pumps

    ISMPمعدل التنقيطالجرعة ← مل/ساعة

  32. Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):10–47. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.024

    ESPENاحتياج البروتين

  33. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Diabetes Association. Choose Your Foods: Food Lists for Diabetes. 2019.

    AND/ADAحصص الكربوهيدرات

  34. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(1):111–188. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455

    ESC/EASالكوليسترول غير النافعنسب الكوليسترول

  35. Constantino BT, Rivera GKQ. Cutoff value for correcting white blood cell count for nucleated red blood cells: what is it? Why is it important? Lab Med. 2019;50(4):e82–e90. doi:10.1093/labmed/lmz016

    الكريات البيضاء المصححة

  36. Koch E, Lovett S, Nghiem T, Riggs RA, Rech MA. Shock index in the emergency department: utility and limitations. Open Access Emerg Med. 2019;11:179–199. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S178358

    مؤشر الصدمة

  37. Nathan HL, Seed PT, Hezelgrave NL, et al. Shock index thresholds to predict adverse outcomes in maternal hemorrhage and sepsis: a prospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98(9):1178–1186. doi:10.1111/aogs.13626

    مؤشر الصدمة

  38. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(4):543–603. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405

    ESCويلز PEجنيف المعدّل

  39. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management (NG128). London: NICE; 2019 (updated 2022). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng128

    NICEABCD²

  40. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The International System of Units (SI). 9th edition. Sèvres: BIPM; 2019 (updated 2024). https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure

    BIPMالألبومين غ/دل ↔ غ/لترالصوديوم/البوتاسيوم/الكلوريدوحدة/لتر ↔ ميكروكاتال/لتر×10⁹/لتر ↔ /ميكرولتر°م ↔ °فكغ ↔ رطلسم ↔ إنشملم زئبق ↔ كيلوباسكالمل ↔ أونصةسعرة ↔ كيلوجول

  41. Feld LG, Neuspiel DR, Foster BA, et al. Clinical practice guideline: maintenance intravenous fluids in children. Pediatrics. 2018;142(6):e20183083. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3083

    AAPسوائل المداومة

  42. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13–e115. doi:10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065

    ACC/AHAضغط النبض

  43. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P. Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2017;357:j2099. doi:10.1136/bmj.j2099

    نسب الكوليسترول

  44. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0. 2017. https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocoldevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm

    NCIANC

  45. Forget P, Khalifa C, Defour JP, et al. What is the normal value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio? BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):12. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2335-5

    NLR / PLR

  46. McPherson S, Hardy T, Dufour JF, et al. Age as a confounding factor for the accurate non-invasive diagnosis of advanced NAFLD fibrosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(5):740–751. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.453

    FIB-4

  47. Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(9):1253–1263. doi:10.1164/rccm.201703-0548ST

    ATS/ESICM/SCCMالوزن المتوقع والحجم المدّي

  48. Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2: Standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS. Updated report of a working party. London: RCP; 2017. https://www.rcp.ac.uk/improving-care/resources/national-early-warning-score-news-2/

    RCPNEWS2

  49. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee Opinion No. 700: Methods for Estimating the Due Date. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(5):e150–e154. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002046

    ACOGموعد الولادةعمر الحمل

  50. Chung F, Abdullah HR, Liao P. STOP-Bang questionnaire: a practical approach to screen for obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2016;149(3):631–638. doi:10.1378/chest.15-0903

    STOP-Bang

  51. Seymour CW, Liu VX, Iwashyna TJ, et al. Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: for the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):762–774. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0288

    qSOFA

  52. World Health Organization. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva: WHO; 2015. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241549028

    WHOحد السكر

  53. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine. EFSA Journal. 2015;13(5):4102. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102

    EFSAحد الكافيين

  54. Hoffmann JJ, Urrechaga E, Aguirre U. Discriminant indices for distinguishing thalassemia and iron deficiency in patients with microcytic anemia: a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015;53(12):1883–1894. doi:10.1515/cclm-2015-0179

    مؤشر منتزر

  55. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice. The Apgar Score. Pediatrics. 2015;136(4):819–822. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2651

    AAP/ACOGأبغار

  56. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intravenous fluid therapy in children and young people in hospital (NG29). London: NICE; 2015 (updated 2020). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng29

    NICEسوائل المداومة

  57. Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170(3):G1–G47. doi:10.1530/EJE-13-1020

    ESE/ESICM/ERA-EDTAعجز الصوديوم

  58. Briggs C, Culp N, Davis B, et al. ICSH guidelines for the evaluation of blood cell analysers including those used for differential leucocyte and reticulocyte counting. Int J Lab Hematol. 2014;36(6):613–627. doi:10.1111/ijlh.12201

    ICSHALC / AECالكريات البيضاء المصححة

  59. Teasdale G, Maas A, Lecky F, Manley G, Stocchetti N, Murray G. The Glasgow Coma Scale at 40 years: standing the test of time. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(8):844–854. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70120-6

    GCS

  60. Botros M, Sikaris KA. The De Ritis ratio: the test of time. Clin Biochem Rev. 2013;34(3):117–130.

    نسبة AST/ALT

  61. Otto JM, Montgomery HE, Richards T. Haemoglobin concentration and mass as determinants of exercise performance and of surgical outcome. Extrem Physiol Med. 2013;2(1):33. doi:10.1186/2046-7648-2-33

    محتوى الأكسجين

  62. Backus BE, Six AJ, Kelder JC, et al. A prospective validation of the HEART score for chest pain patients at the emergency department. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(3):2153–2158. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.255

    مقياس HEART

  63. Kolkman DG, Verhoeven CJ, Brinkhorst SJ, et al. The Bishop score as a predictor of labor induction success: a systematic review. Am J Perinatol. 2013;30(8):625–630. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331024

    مقياس بيشوب

  64. World Health Organization. Guideline: sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva: WHO; 2012. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836

    WHOالملح والصوديوم

  65. Inker LA, Schmid CH, Tighiouart H, et al. Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(1):20–29. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1114248

    eGFRcr-cys

  66. ARDS Definition Task Force; Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2526–2533. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5669

    نسبة P/F

  67. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation, Geneva, 8–11 December 2008. Geneva: WHO; 2011. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/44583

    WHOنسبة الخصر إلى الورك

  68. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Herrmann SD, et al. 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1575–1581. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12

    السعرات المحروقة

  69. Hall KD, Sacks G, Chandramohan D, et al. Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight. Lancet. 2011;378(9793):826–837. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60812-X

    مدة الوصول للوزن

  70. Darmon M, Vincent F, Dellamonica J, et al. Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea in the evaluation of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a multicenter cohort study. Crit Care. 2011;15(4):R178. doi:10.1186/cc10327

    FEUrea

  71. Kraut JA, Xing SX. Approach to the evaluation of a patient with an increased serum osmolal gap and high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58(3):480–484. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.05.018

    الأسمولية والفجوة

  72. Degen LA, Dorhout Mees SM, Algra A, Rinkel GJ. Interobserver variability of grading scales for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2011;42(6):1546–1549. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.601211

    هنت وهيس

  73. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA Journal. 2010;8(3):1459. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459

    EFSAاحتياج الماء

  74. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137(2):263–272. doi:10.1378/chest.09-1584

    CHA₂DS₂-VASc

  75. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest. 2010;138(5):1093–1100. doi:10.1378/chest.10-0134

    HAS-BLED

  76. Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(11):2450–2457. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x

    مقياس بادوا

  77. Bang H, Edwards AM, Bomback AS, et al. Development and validation of a patient self-assessment score for diabetes risk. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(11):775–783. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00005

    خطر السكري (ADA)

  78. Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part IV: the ST segment, T and U waves, and the QT interval. Circulation. 2009;119(10):e241–e250. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191096

    AHA/ACCF/HRSQTc

  79. Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1335–1343. doi:10.2337/dc09-9032

    الصوديوم المصحح

  80. Shah AG, Lydecker A, Murray K, et al. Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(10):1104–1112. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.05.033

    FIB-4

  81. Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax. 2009;64(Suppl 3):iii1–iii55. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.121434

    BTSCURB-65CRB-65

  82. Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2009. doi:10.17226/12584

    IOMزيادة وزن الحمل

  83. Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Heine RJ; ADAG Study Group. Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(8):1473–1478. doi:10.2337/dc08-0545

    التراكمي ← متوسط السكر

  84. Kim WR, Biggins SW, Kremers WK, et al. Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(10):1018–1026. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801209

    MELD

  85. Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, et al. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008;108(5):812–821. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4

    STOP-Bang

  86. Six AJ, Backus BE, Kelder JC. Chest pain in the emergency room: value of the HEART score. Neth Heart J. 2008;16(6):191–196. doi:10.1007/BF03086144

    مقياس HEART

  87. WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series 935. Geneva: WHO; 2007. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/43411

    WHO/FAO/UNUاحتياج البروتين

  88. Kraut JA, Madias NE. Serum anion gap: its uses and limitations in clinical medicine. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2(1):162–174. doi:10.2215/CJN.03020906

    فجوة الأنيوناتنسبة دلتا

  89. Rastegar A. Use of the ΔAG/ΔHCO3− ratio in the diagnosis of mixed acid-base disorders. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(9):2429–2431. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006121408

    نسبة دلتا

  90. Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, et al. Comparison of the SpO2/FIO2 ratio and the PaO2/FIO2 ratio in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS. Chest. 2007;132(2):410–417. doi:10.1378/chest.07-0617

    نسبة S/F

  91. Johnston SC, Rothwell PM, Nguyen-Huynh MN, et al. Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2007;369(9558):283–292. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60150-0

    ABCD²

  92. Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, et al. Using standardized serum creatinine values in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(4):247–254. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00004

    MDRD

  93. Nguyen MK, Kurtz I. Whole-body electrolyte-free water clearance: derivation and clinical utility in analyzing the pathogenesis of the dysnatremias. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2006;10(1):19–24. doi:10.1007/s10157-005-0395-2

    تصفية الماء الحر

  94. Sterling RK, Lissen E, Clumeck N, et al. Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatology. 2006;43(6):1317–1325. doi:10.1002/hep.21178

    FIB-4

  95. Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(3):165–171. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00004

    جنيف المعدّل

  96. Janmahasatian S, Duffull SB, Ash S, Ward LC, Byrne NM, Green B. Quantification of lean bodyweight. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(10):1051–1065. doi:10.2165/00003088-200544100-00004

    الكتلة الخالية من الدهون

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    معدل الأيض الأساسي

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    مقياس بيشوب

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    سوائل المداومة

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    أبغار

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    مساحة سطح الجسم